Land, sea and human effort: technical achievement and territorial engagement     

Joost H. J. Terwindt  Jan G. Groenendijk 《GeoJournal》1997,42(1):1-7

Land, Sea and Human Effort was the central theme of the 28th IGU Congress in The Hague, The Netherlands. This volume contains the key-note addresses highlighting this central theme. Three major issues regarding low-land coasts came to the fore: land-use, environmental quality and safeguarding of the land. An interesting question is whether the concentration of human activities in large urban nodes will continue, or that such nodes and hierarchies will no longer structure our world, because of the ever-increasing importance of all means of communication and transport, as indicated by Johnston. Functions may disperse to specialised environments. A similar specialisation may be encountered in e.g. the development of tourism in the coastal zone. As Gormsen has elucidated, tourism has over time extended in a sequence of spatial peripheries. Consequently, phases in development may be identified with a growing impact and participation of local tourism interwoven with international growth. The environmental quality of coastal zones is seriously under threat, due to ever-increasing population pressure and human exploitation. The major problems are pollution and the availability of good quality water. Oudshoorn explored the worlds resources of drinking water, indicating the great need for political awareness of this huge problem. Cross-sectoral planning is advocated by Oudshoorn, even if water management often trespasses international boundaries and the harmonisation of the planning strategies is mostly difficult. The environmental quality of the coastal zone is also affected by the exploitation of oil and gas resources. Odell demonstrates that the conditions for this exploitation in the North Sea are unique, especially because of the great impact of an international agreement on offshore exploitation. Planning in sea areas is becoming an issue of increasing importance as it has to cope with the many, often conflicting interests, such as shipping, fishery, mining, waste disposal in relation to environmental and ecological constraints. The safeguarding of the land against river floods and sea side storm surges under the threat of a rising sea level is another important issue in coastal low-lands. Callander reviews the present state of human influence on climatic change and the associated sea level change. As indicated by Hesselman et al. new remote sensing and associated GIS techniques have recently been developed which are a great contribution in determining the fate of the coastal zones with respect to the threats induced by natural and human activities.  相似文献   

地震观测台站远程测控系统的研制与应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

潘志宏  崔庆谷  郭志华  李宗芬 《地震地磁观测与研究》2010,31(5):114-117

通过远程测控系统,监测无人职守地震观测台站设备的工作状态,室内商业供电状态、室内温湿度的监测,室内安全布防及报警;在区域遥测台网中心发现观测设备出现故障时,可以通过专线网络处理简单的设备故障,应急处理已损坏的辅助设备等。  相似文献   

TDA9965在面阵CCD相机视频信号处理中的应用     

陈向宁  赵杰  陈颖 《测绘学院学报》2010,(1)

为了在大面阵CCD信号处理电路中获得高质量的图像信号,就必须对电路中的噪声进行适当的处理。针对面阵CCD输出噪声的特点,提出了基于CCD信号处理芯片TDA9965的面阵CCD相机视频信号处理方案。TDA9965内置了视频信号处理电路的功能模块,只要正确设计其外围工作电路,就能完成视频信号处理功能。最后,简单总结了视频信号处理外围电路设计中应注意的问题。  相似文献   

Video monitoring of in-channel wood: From flux characterization and prediction to recommendations to equip stations     

Zhi Zhang  Hossein Ghaffarian  Bruce MacVicar  Lise Vaudor  Aurélie Antonio  Kristell Michel  Hervé Piégay 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(4):822-836

Wood flux (piece number per time interval) is a key parameter for understanding wood budgeting, determining the controlling factors, and managing flood risk in a river basin. Quantitative wood flux data is critically needed to improve the understanding of wood dynamics and estimate wood discharge in rivers. In this study, the streamside videography technique was applied to detect wood passage and measure instantaneous rates of wood transport. The goal was to better understand how wood flux responds to flood and wind events and then predict wood flux. In total, one exceptional wind and seven flood events were monitored on the Ain River, France, and around 24,000 wood pieces were detected visually. It is confirmed that, in general, there is a threshold of wood motion in the river equal to 60% of bankfull discharge. However, in a flood following a windy day, no obvious threshold for wood motion was observed, which confirms that wind is important for the preparation of wood for transport between floods. In two multi-peak floods, around two-thirds of the total amount of wood was delivered on the first peak, which confirms the importance of the time between floods for predicting wood fluxes. Moreover, we found an empirical relation between wood frequency and wood discharge, which is used to estimate the total wood amount produced by each of the floods. The data set is then used to develop a random forest regression model to predict wood frequency as a function of three input variables that are derived from the flow hydrograph. The model calculates the total wood volume either during day or night based on the video monitoring technique for the first time, which expands its utility for wood budgeting in a watershed. A one-to-one link is then established between the fraction of detected pieces of wood and the dimensionless parameter “passing time × frame rate ”, which provides a general guideline for the design of monitoring stations.  相似文献   

森林火灾现场视频图像传输方案研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

于海龙  邬伦 《地理信息世界》2004,2(4):40-44

本文首先分析了视频图像有线传输与无线传输两类传输方法中具体传输方式的优缺点,然后根据森林火灾的特性,提出了有线和无线相结合的视频图像传输方法。并以广州市白云区为研究对象,分析了微波中继站规划方法,制定了森林火灾现场视频图像传输方案,并讨论了应用模式,对同类系统的设计、开发与应用具有一定的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

监控视频动态目标的空间定位方法北大核心CSCD     

韩世静  苗书锋  郝向阳  陈润泽 《测绘通报》2022,(8):87-92

针对监控视频动态目标的空间定位问题,本文在考虑相机畸变的前提下,对监控相机、目标像素坐标和地理场景之间的映射关系进行了研究,提出了基于数字表面模型(DSM)和基于平面约束的目标定位算法。首先,完成相机的标定,确定相机的成像模型;然后,提取畸变校正后的目标像素坐标,并通过目标定位算法计算目标的三维地理坐标;最后,进行了定位精度评定,并分析了两种定位算法的应用特点。本文的定位算法将以像素坐标定位的目标数据解析为以三维坐标定位的空间地理信息,为多摄像头的目标跟踪提供了统一的地理参考框架。  相似文献   

无人艇载雷达视频无线传输技术研究     

阴启玉  韩昱 《南京气象学院学报》2020,12(5):563-568

雷达视频数据量大,更新频率高,传输带宽占用量大.无人艇（USV）岸艇数据传输带宽有限,传输信息种类多、数量大.在无人艇使用过程中,雷达视频是岸基操作人员安全航行保障、交战对象搜索确认等不可或缺的支持信息,然而岸艇数据互通带宽资源的紧缺和雷达视频的大信息传输需求之间的矛盾必然存在.本文根据雷达探测成像原理,对雷达视频进行数字化表示,经压缩、数据传输和复原显示,实现无人艇岸基控制站对艇载雷达视频的还原显示.该技术在某型USV控制系统中的应用结果表明：视频压缩比高、处理时延低、视频还原完整、容错性好.  相似文献   

广西天气视频会商系统平台建设的探讨     

陈设广  封大辉  卢文俊 《广西气象》2013,(4):98-100,105

为了提高预报准确率,加强广西各级气象部门的沟通,更好的为社会提供气象服务,通过探讨广西天气视频会商系统现状、不足、发展需求,提出更优化的广西“区—市—县”三级网络高清视频会商系统的设计、建设方案,以期加快气象现代化建设步伐,提高全区气象预报水平和防灾减灾决策服务应急防御能力.  相似文献   

突发灾害监控与决策系统的设计与实现     

熊勇  徐正全  潘少明  赵继宗  熊炼  王涛 《地理信息世界》2014,(6)

现代社会,面对高危或人类无法到达的区域,如森林火场现场视查、地震灾情查看、城市等狭窄地段的高楼消防救灾、核辐射现场勘察检测等,基于无人机的无线通信系统,由于体积小和机动灵活,通过信息传感采集、视频现场捕捉,能安全、有效地获取现场灾情情况信息。然后数据通过中继传到后台,存入后台数据库。利用采集到的现场信息与Arc GIS Server发布的GIS相关服务,通过Arc GIS API for Flex对数据进行快速分析处理,使采集信息可视化,同时进行突发灾害模拟预测,准确定位事发地点,评价灾害影响范围,查找救援最短路径等。本文设计并实现了基于无人机突发灾害监控与决策系统,同时重点介绍系统的设计、组网的关键技术、视频压缩、基于GIS的数据处理与分析以及系统实现的功能。  相似文献   

A less‐is‐more approach to geovisualization – enhancing knowledge construction across multidisciplinary teams     

Catherine Emma Jones  Mordechai Haklay  Sam Griffiths  Laura Vaughan 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1077-1093

The ‘less‐is‐more’ concept in interface design for computer applications has recently gained ground. In this article, the concept is adopted for a user‐centered design of geovisualization application. The premise is that using simple and clear design can lead to successful applications with improved ease of use. Over the last three decades, the development of GIS and geovisualization has seen a marked increase in the levels of interaction between the user, the system and the information. However, these enthusiastic advances in technology have not resulted in a significant increase in the number of users.

This article suggests that types of user interaction should not simply emphasize traditional GIS functions such as zooming and panning but move towards interaction based on facilitating the knowledge construction process. Considerations are made for the complexity of the system, the task at hand and the skills and limitations of the users. These elements are particularly important when maps act as the mediators in collaboration with users across disciplinary backgrounds. In such cases, the emphasis on simplicity and usability becomes as important as functionality. In these situations a geovisualization application designed for specific uses can maximize effective development of geographic knowledge.

In this article, a minimalistic design approach to geovisualization is adopted by creating a geographic profiling tool which shifts the emphasis from technological advances or interaction with the map to the interaction elements key to building the spatial knowledge of GIS experts and non‐experts alike. To evaluate this notion of ‘less‐is‐more geovisualization’ the profiling tool is evaluated according to usability matrices: efficiency, effectiveness and learnability. How well the Suburban Profiler contributes to these elements is assessed by conducting a video analysis of the types and forms of user interaction available. The video analysis demonstrates the usefulness and usability of the Suburban Profiler, providing proof of concept for ‘less‐is‐more geovisualization’.  相似文献